Entro la fine del decennio i Paesi dell’Unione europea potrebbero esser obbligati a rinnovare le costruzioni, meno efficienti sul piano del risparmio energetico, esistenti nei loro territori nazionali. La strategia della Commissione Europea (“Renovation Wave”) per ridurre le emissioni di CO2 e risparmiare carburante, è stata presentata alla stampa lo scorso mercoledì 14 dicembre.
L’ondata di ristrutturazioni nell’UE, volta a raddoppiare il tasso di ristrutturazione degli edifici esistenti nei prossimi 10 anni, vuole migliore l’efficienza energetica per ridurre le emissioni associate. Della nuova regolamentazione si parlava sin dallo scorso novembre, quando una delle lobbies del settore delle costruzioni ed efficientamento energetico edilizio, la #BuildingLife, aveva pubblicato una lettera nella quale si sottolineava come “a livello globale, l’11% delle emissioni sono dovute al carbonio incorporato nella costruzione, dalla demolizione e dalla più ampia catena di componenti di un edificio” e, dunque, si chiedeva un intervento deciso da parte europea.
La Commissione ora “mira a raddoppiare almeno i tassi di ristrutturazione nei prossimi dieci anni e a fare in modo che le ristrutturazioni portino a una maggiore efficienza energetica e delle risorse. Questo ridurrà le emissioni di gas serra in Europa migliorerà il riutilizzo e il riciclaggio dei materiali. Entro il 2030, 35 milioni di edifici potrebbero essere rinnovati e fino a 160.000 posti di lavoro verdi creati nel settore delle costruzioni”.
Gli edifici sono responsabili di circa il 40% del consumo energetico dell’UE e del 36% delle emissioni di gas serra. La proposta prevede che, entro il 2030, tutti gli edifici ad uso abitativo privato che si trovano nei paesi della Unione europea e siano classificati con la peggiore valutazione energetica (un certificato di prestazione energetica “G”) debbano essere ristrutturati e raggiungere un grado di efficienza superiore entro il 2030, mentre quelle classificate nella categoria “F” dovranno apportare miglioramenti tali da essere classificati nella categoria “E” entro il 2033 (Qui la classificazione energetica europea degli edifici).
Gli edifici non residenziali, invece, dovranno essere rinnovati con tre anni di anticipo, quelli di grado “G” entro il 2027 e quelli di grado “F” entro il 2030. Il vicepresidente esecutivo per l’European Green Deal, Frans Timmermans, ha dichiarato: «Vogliamo che tutti in Europa abbiano una casa che possano illuminare, riscaldare o raffreddare senza distruggere il pianeta.
La Renovation Wave migliorerà i luoghi dove lavoriamo, viviamo e studiamo», mentre il commissario per l’energia, Kadri Simson, ha ribadito che la «ripresa verde inizia a casa. Con l’onda di rinnovamento affronteremo le molte barriere che oggi rendono il rinnovamento complesso, costoso e proporremo modi migliori per misurare i benefici della ristrutturazione, standard minimi di rendimento energetico, più finanziamenti UE e assistenza tecnica per incoraggiare i mutui verdi e sostenere più energie rinnovabili nel riscaldamento e raffreddamento. Questo sarà un cambiamento di gioco per i proprietari di case, gli inquilini e le autorità pubbliche».
La strategia includerà le seguenti azioni principali:
1. Regolamenti, standard e informazioni più chiare sul rendimento energetico degli edifici per stabilire migliori incentivi per le ristrutturazioni del settore pubblico e privato;
2. Garantire finanziamenti accessibili e ben mirati, anche attraverso il Recovery and Resilience Facility di NextGenerationEU, regole semplificate per combinare diversi flussi di finanziamento e molteplici incentivi per il finanziamento privato;
3.Aumentare la capacità di preparare e attuare progetti di ristrutturazione, dall’assistenza tecnica alle autorità nazionali e locali fino alla formazione e allo sviluppo delle competenze dei lavoratori nei nuovi lavori verdi;
4. Espandere il mercato dei prodotti e dei servizi per l’edilizia sostenibile, compresa l’integrazione di nuovi materiali e soluzioni basate sulla natura e il riutilizzo e recupero dei materiali;
5. Creare un nuovo ‘Bauhaus europeo’, un progetto interdisciplinare co-presieduto da un comitato consultivo di esperti esterni tra cui scienziati, architetti, designer, artisti, pianificatori e società civile. La proposta di nuova regolamentazione sugli edifici dovrà ora essere approvata dalla maggioranza dei paesi dell’UE e dal Parlamento europeo.
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